West Nile Virus in Houston: Knowing the Symptoms and Prevention

As the summer months approach, Houston residents are reminded to take precautions against the spread of West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne disease that can cause serious illness and even death. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), WNV is a significant public health concern in the United States, with Houston being one of the cities most affected.

What is West Nile Virus?

West Nile virus is a flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The virus was first detected in the United States in 1999 and has since been linked to thousands of cases of encephalitis, a serious and potentially life-threatening brain infection.

Symptoms of West Nile Virus in Houston

The symptoms of WNV can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Fever
• Headache
• Body aches
• Nausea and vomiting
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Rash
• Seizures
• Coma

In severe cases, WNV can cause encephalitis, which can lead to long-term neurological damage, paralysis, and even death.

Who is at Risk?

Anyone can contract WNV, but certain individuals are at greater risk of developing severe symptoms, including:

• People over 50 years old
• Those with weakened immune systems, such as individuals with HIV/AIDS or chronic liver disease
• People with certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease or diabetes
• Pregnant women
• People who have received organ transplants

Prevention is Key

While there is no vaccine available to protect against WNV, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of contracting the virus:

• Use insect repellent: Apply insect repellent that contains DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus to exposed skin and clothing.
• Wear protective clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks when outdoors.
• Avoid peak mosquito hours: Mosquitoes are most active during dawn and dusk, so try to stay indoors during these times.
• Eliminate standing water: Mosquitoes need standing water to breed, so eliminate any sources around your home, such as pet water dishes and flower vases.
• Install window and door screens: Keep windows and doors screened to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.

What to Do if You Suspect WNV

If you suspect that you or someone you know has contracted WNV, immediate medical attention is crucial. Seek medical care promptly if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Sudden onset of fever
• Headache
• Confusion
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing

Conclusion

West Nile virus is a significant public health concern in Houston, and it is essential to take proactive steps to prevent its spread. By understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and prevention measures, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from this serious illness. Stay informed, take precautions, and seek medical attention if you suspect you have been exposed to WNV.