West Nile Virus Symptoms: What to Expect and How Long They Last

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne disease that has been reported in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in the United States. While most people who contract WNV experience mild symptoms, some individuals may develop more severe illness or even life-threatening complications.

Mild Symptoms of West Nile Virus

In most cases, WNV symptoms are mild and may include:

• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle weakness
• Fatigue
• Rash
• Swollen lymph nodes

These symptoms are often similar to those of the common cold or flu, which is why WNV may go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. In fact, only about 20% of people who contract WNV develop noticeable symptoms.

Severe Symptoms of West Nile Virus

While mild symptoms are common, some individuals may develop more severe illness, which can lead to:

• High fever
• Stiff neck
• Confusion
• Loss of consciousness
• Weakness in the arms or legs
• Paralysis
• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
• Meningitis (inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord)

These severe symptoms typically appear 3-15 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.

How Long Do West Nile Virus Symptoms Last?

The duration of WNV symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the illness. Mild symptoms usually last only a few days, while severe symptoms can persist for several weeks or even months.

• Mild symptoms: 3-10 days
• Severe symptoms:
  • Neurological symptoms: 2-6 weeks
  • Encephalitis or meningitis: 2-12 months
  • Long-term sequelae: 1-5 years

Long-term Complications of West Nile Virus

In rare cases, WNV can lead to long-term complications, including:

• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Cognitive impairment
• Memory loss
• Mood disorders
• Increased risk of secondary infections

Prevention is Key

The best way to prevent WNV is to take steps to avoid mosquito bites. These include:

• Wearing insect repellent
• Wearing protective clothing
• Eliminating standing water around homes and buildings
• Installing window and door screens
• Using mosquito traps and repellents

If you suspect you have WNV or are experiencing symptoms, consult with a healthcare professional immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Remember, prevention is key. Take the necessary steps to avoid mosquito bites and ensure your safety from West Nile virus.