West Nile Virus Symptoms: When to Start Looking for Signs

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne disease that has been reported in the United States since 1999. While most people who are infected with WNV will not experience any symptoms, those who do can exhibit a range of mild to severe symptoms. Knowing the signs and symptoms of WNV can help you identify if you or a loved one may be infected.

Mild Symptoms

For most people, WNV infection will result in mild symptoms that typically last a few days. These may include:

• Mild fever (usually less than 102°F)
• Headache
• Body aches
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Rash (in some cases)

Severe Symptoms

In rare cases, WNV infection can lead to severe symptoms that may require hospitalization. These may include:

• High fever (often above 103°F)
• Severe headache or stiff neck
• Confusion or disorientation
• Muscle weakness or paralysis
• Seizures or convulsions
• Coma or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you or someone you know is experiencing any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention immediately:

• Severe symptoms that last more than a few days
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing
• Difficulty moving or feeling numbness or weakness in the face, arms or legs
• Severe headache or stiff neck
• Seizures or convulsions

When to Report Symptoms to Your Healthcare Provider

If you or someone you know is experiencing mild symptoms, contact your healthcare provider if you have:

• A fever greater than 102°F
• Headache or body aches that are persistent or worsening
• A rash that is itchy or spreading

When to Self-Monitor

If you are experiencing mild symptoms, you can self-monitor at home. Monitor your temperature and watch for any signs of worsening symptoms. If your symptoms worsen or you experience any severe symptoms, seek medical attention.

Prevention is Key

Preventing mosquito bites is the best way to avoid contracting WNV. Take the following steps to reduce your risk:

• Wear protective clothing, such as long sleeves and pants, when outdoors
• Apply insect repellent that contains DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus
• Avoid peak mosquito hours (dawn and dusk) when possible
• Eliminate standing water around your home to reduce mosquito breeding

By knowing the symptoms of West Nile virus and taking steps to prevent mosquito bites, you can reduce your risk of contracting this serious disease. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical attention.

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Note to the editor: This article is intended to provide general information on West Nile virus symptoms and is not meant to be a substitute for medical advice. If you have any questions or concerns, please consult a healthcare professional.